K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination in plant development and stress responses

Yueni Fan; Wenguan Zhou; Baoshan Xian; Kai Shu

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2025.12.012

Volume 53 Issue 5

May 2026

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K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination in plant development and stress responses

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.12.012

a. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, China;
b. Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32470364), Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2025JC-JCQN-056 and 2024JC-YBMS-151), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A1515012749), Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry & Biology (22JHQ054 and 22JHZ007), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (D5000230089), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M784404).

Received Date: 2025-09-10
Accepted Date: 2025-12-24
Rev Recd Date: 2025-12-22

Available Online: 2026-05-15

Publish Date: 2026-05-30

Abstract

Abstract

Ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification regulating numerous biological processes in plant development and stress responses. This process involves the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to different target proteins, primarily linked through lysine (K)48 or K63 residues of ubiquitin, which either marks them for degradation by the 26S proteasome or modifies their activity, localization, and stability. By modulating key regulatory proteins and signaling pathways, ubiquitination enables plants to adapt to challenging environments. K48-linked ubiquitination is the most prevalent form in plants, although some recent studies have also demonstrated the importance of K63-linked ubiquitination. This review focuses on the roles of K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination in plant development, including seed dormancy and germination, seed size, hypocotyl elongation, and flowering time, as well as in abiotic and biotic stresses. Furthermore, it highlights their potential functions in improving crop resilience through biotechnological strategies. Finally, we also discuss the future challenges in investigating plant regulatory networks mediated by protein ubiquitination.
- Ubiquitination,
- Lysine 48,
- Lysine 63,
- Seed dormancy and germination,
- Seedling establishment,
- Stress response

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