9.9
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7.1
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Volume 52 Issue 9
Sep.  2025
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Article Contents

Enhancing crop yields to ensure food security by optimizing photosynthesis

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.01.002
Funds:

This work was funded by CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-072-8) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000203 and 2022YFF1001704).

  • Received Date: 2024-08-29
  • Accepted Date: 2025-01-01
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-12-30
  • Publish Date: 2025-01-10
  • The crop yields achieved through traditional plant breeding techniques appear to be nearing a plateau. Therefore, it is essential to accelerate advancements in photosynthesis, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, to further enhance crop yields. Research focused on improving photosynthesis holds significant promise for increasing sustainable agricultural productivity and addressing challenges related to global food security. This review examines the latest advancements and strategies aimed at boosting crop yields by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. There has been a linear increase in yield over the years in historically released germplasm selected through traditional breeding methods, and this increase is accompanied by improved photosynthesis. We explore various aspects of the light reactions designed to enhance crop yield, including light harvest efficiency through smart canopy systems, expanding the absorbed light spectrum to include far-red light, optimizing non-photochemical quenching, and accelerating electron transport flux. At the same time, we investigate carbon reactions that can enhance crop yield, such as manipulating Rubisco activity, improving the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, introducing CO2 concentrating mechanisms in C3 plants, and optimizing carbon allocation. These strategies could significantly impact crop yield enhancement and help bridge the yield gap.
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