Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

Ganyu Zhang; Can Cui; Shargan Wangdue; Hongliang Lu; Honghai Chen; Lin Xi; Wei He; Haibing Yuan; Tinley Tsring; Zujun Chen; Feng Yang; Tashi Tsering; Shuai Li; Norbu Tashi; Tsho Yang; Yan Tong; Xiaohong Wu; Linhui Li; Yuanhong He; Peng Cao; Qingyan Dai; Feng Liu; Xiaotian Feng; Tianyi Wang; Ruowei Yang; Wanjing Ping; Ming Zhang; Xing Gao; Yichen Liu; Wenjun Wang; Qiaomei Fu

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.007

Volume 50 Issue 10

Oct. 2023

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Article Navigation > Journal of Genetics and Genomics > 2023 > 50(10): 765-775

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Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.007

a. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;
b. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
c. Tibet Institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China;
d. Center for Archaeological Science, School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China;
e. School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China;
f. School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
g. Science and Technology Archaeology, National Centre for Archaeology, Beijing 100013, China;
h. Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFC1523600), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (YSBR-019 and XDB26000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41925009), “Research on the roots of Chinese civilization” of Zhengzhou University (XKZDJC202006), the Tencent Foundation (through the XPLORER PRIZE), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (55008731). X.W. was supported by Key National Social Science Foundation of China (16ZDA144).

Received Date: 2023-01-17
Accepted Date: 2023-03-14
Rev Recd Date: 2023-03-14
Publish Date: 2023-03-16

Abstract

Abstract

The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity. Here, we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Tibet. The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a, M9a1b, D4g2, G2a'c, and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene. In addition, the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years, with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BP-3000 BP, and a weakened connection after 3000 BP, that are coincident with climate change, followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period (1400 BP-1100 BP). Besides, an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages. We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations. Overall, the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography, climate changes, as well as historical events.
- Ancient DNA,
- Tibetans,
- Population history,
- Mitochondrial genome

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