Current landscape of Cys-OxiPTMs in plants: from hormone signaling to phenotypic control and their potential in sustainable agriculture

Dan Zhao; Feifei Huang; Haimiao Zhang; Yanjie Xie; Guozhi Bi; Wen-Cheng Liu; Yi Han; Juan Chen; Yuan Zheng; Feihua Wu; Xinhua Ding; Biao Gong

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2026.07.011

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Current landscape of Cys-OxiPTMs in plants: from hormone signaling to phenotypic control and their potential in sustainable agriculture

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2026.07.011

a. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China;
b. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;
c. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China;
d. College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
e. School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China;
f. School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China;
g. Institute of Future Agriculture, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Funds:

32272697

32322008

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2026QA02). National Natural Science Foundation of China (32573008

D Program of Shandong Province (Agricultural Improved Variety Engineering Project) (2026LZGC028).

32272557). Key R&

Received Date: 2026-05-15
Accepted Date: 2026-07-27
Rev Recd Date: 2026-07-23

Available Online: 2026-08-06

Abstract

Abstract

The integration of environmental and developmental cues into coherent physiological responses is fundamental to plant survival. Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species (ROS/RNS/RSS) are now recognized as essential signaling molecules, not merely cytotoxic byproducts. Their specificity is largely achieved through reversible, site-specific cysteine oxidative post-translational modifications (Cys-OxiPTMs), which constitute a dynamic and sophisticated “redox code”. This review provides a systematic synthesis of the current landscape of Cys-OxiPTMs in plants, bridging chemistry, hormone biology, agronomy, detection, and engineering. The chemical and enzymatic basis of major Cys-OxiPTMs is detailed, along with a discussion of how their spatiotemporal interplay orchestrates signaling specificity. A critical examination is then presented on how these modifications decode and integrate plant hormone signaling networks to regulate key agronomic traits. Cutting-edge proteomic technologies that have revolutionized the identification of redox-sensitive cysteines are also evaluated. Finally, forward-looking strategies to “write” the redox code are explored. By moving the field from descriptive cataloging to predictive “redox breeding,” this review establishes a foundational framework for manipulating Cys-OxiPTMs to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding crops for sustainable agriculture.
- Cysteine oxidative post-translational modifications,
- Redox signaling,
- Plant hormone networks,
- Agronomic traits,
- Proteomics,
- Crop engineering,
- Sustainable agriculture

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