Local trafficking and long-distance transport of small RNAs in plants

Yi Zhao; Binglian Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2025.03.011

Volume 52 Issue 11

Nov. 2025

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Article Navigation > Journal of Genetics and Genomics > 2025 > 52(11): 1347-1358

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Local trafficking and long-distance transport of small RNAs in plants

doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.03.011

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China

Funds:

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFF100303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32025005).

Received Date: 2025-01-17
Accepted Date: 2025-03-25
Rev Recd Date: 2025-03-24
Publish Date: 2025-04-03

Abstract

Abstract

Canonical small RNAs in plants, including microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, are key triggers of RNA interference and regulate nearly every major biological process in plants. To establish systemic silencing, small RNAs undergo both short-distance intracellular trafficking or intercellular communication and long-distance transport from one organ to another, even across parasites or pathogens. This enables the delivery of effector molecules throughout the plant, promoting the spread of gene silencing. Biologically, the spatiotemporal regulation of small RNAs results in gradient distributions within cells or along the direction of organogenesis. Furthermore, the spreading capacity of small RNAs, generated in somatic or nurse cells, can guide target gene silencing in germlines in plants. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulation and functional roles of local trafficking and long-distance transport of plant small RNAs in developmental polarity, the maintenance of cell identity, and with a particular focus, the mechanisms of small RNA movement and delivery between companion cells and gametes in plants. Additionally, we discuss the methods and challenges of monitoring small RNA transport in vivo through live imaging, as well as the potential applications of small RNA transport and delivery in the development of RNA-based pesticides.
- Small RNA,
- miRNA,
- siRNA,
- Small RNA trafficking,
- Small RNA transport

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References

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